We have looked at ish and ishah, at immediate family relationships and in-laws, at the groups of workers and the elders, now at the more generic groups, excluding that last one - the kinsman redeemer.
Because we are looking at nouns, the grammar lessons are similar to the ones we have already seen: plurals, pronouns, male and female forms. What do the different groups mean semantically - i.e. what does it tell of personal and family relationships at this time in this society?
| HEBREW | CH_VS | ENGLISH | NOTES |
| א וַיְהִי בִּימֵי שְׁפֹט הַשֹּׁפְטִים וַיְהִי רָעָב בָּאָרֶץ וַיֵּלֶךְ אִישׁ מִבֵּית לֶחֶם יְהוּדָה לָגוּר בִּשְׂדֵי מוֹאָב הוּא וְאִשְׁתּו וּשְׁנֵי בָנָיו | 01.01 | Now there was in the days of the judgment of the judges, and there was a famine in the land. and he went a man from the house of bread (Bethlehem) of Judah to stay in the fields of Moab he, his wife, and his two sons | This house is of course Bethlehem (remaining 4 occurrences not listed though Ephrata and Bethlehem are part of the story frame.) |
| ו וַתָּקָם הִיא וְכַלֹּתֶיהָ וַתָּשָׁב מִשְּׂדֵי מוֹאָב כִּי שָׁמְעָה בִּשְׂדֵה מוֹאָב כִּי-פָקַד יְהוָה אֶת-עַמּוֹ לָתֵת לָהֶם לָחֶם | 01.06 | and she arose, she and her daughters in law to return from the fields of Moab for she had heard in the fields of Moab that יְהוָה had visited his people to give to them bread | his people - 'people' is almost as important as 'God' in this story |
| ח וַתֹּאמֶר נָעֳמִי לִשְׁתֵּי כַלֹּתֶיהָ לֵכְנָה שֹּׁבְנָה אִשָּׁה לְבֵית אִמָּהּ יעשה יְהוָה עִמָּכֶם חֶסֶד כַּאֲשֶׁר עֲשִׂיתֶם עִם-הַמֵּתִים וְעִמָּדִי | 01.08 | and Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law Go - return - each to the house of her mother (a-b) may יְהוָה deal with you with mercy as you have dealt with those who died and with me | 'house' as clan The issue of those who have died creates a separate collective in the story - but I did not list these here |
| ט יִתֵּן יְהוָה לָכֶם וּמְצֶאןָ מְנוּחָה אִשָּׁה בֵּית אִישָׁהּ וַתִּשַּׁק לָהֶן וַתִּשֶּׂאנָה קוֹלָן וַתִּבְכֶּינָה | 01.09 | may יְהוָה give to you and may you find rest each in the house of her husband and she kissed them and they lifted up their voice and wept | definiteness comes from the specifically modified noun following house |
| י וַתֹּאמַרְנָה-לָּהּ כִּי-אִתָּךְ נָשׁוּב לְעַמֵּךְ | 01.10 | and they said to her for with you we will return to your people | to-the-people-of-you (definiteness implied) |
| טו וַתֹּאמֶר הִנֵּה שָׁבָה יְבִמְתֵּךְ אֶל-עַמָּהּ וְאֶל-אֱלֹהֶיהָ שׁוּבִי אַחֲרֵי יְבִמְתֵּךְ | 01.15 | and she said, behold your sister-in-law returns to her people and to her God you return also after your sister-in-law | the-people-of-her (definiteness implied) |
| טז וַתֹּאמֶר רוּת אַל-תִּפְגְּעִי-בִי לְעָזְבֵךְ לָשׁוּב מֵאַחֲרָיִך כִּי אֶל-אֲשֶׁר תֵּלְכִי אֵלֵךְ וּבַאֲשֶׁר תָּלִינִי אָלִין עַמֵּךְ עַמִּי וֵאלֹהַיִךְ אֱלֹהָי | 01.16 | and Ruth said, do not force me to leave you to turn back from following you for wherever you go I go and in whatever you stop over I stop over your people my people your God my God | |
| א וּלְנָעֳמִי מוֹדָע לְאִישָׁהּ אִישׁ גִּבּוֹר חַיִל מִּשְׁפַּחַת אֱלִימֶלֶךְ וּשְׁמוֹ בֹּעַז | 02.01 | Now for Naomi there was an acquaintance of her husband a man of strength and valor from the family of Elimelek and his name was Boaz | must investigate this word family more thoroughly along with the redeemer |
| ג וַתֵּלֶךְ וַתָּבוֹא וַתְּלַקֵּט בַּשָּׂדֶה אַחֲרֵי הַקֹּצְרִים וַיִּקֶר מִקְרֶהָ חֶלְקַת הַשָּׂדֶה לְבֹעַז אֲשֶׁר מִמִּשְׁפַּחַת אֱלִימֶלֶךְ | 02.03 | and she went and she came and she gleaned in the field after the reapers and she happened to happen on the part of the field of Boaz who was of the family of Elimelek | the reapers - may be the lads and lasses or all of them together |
| ד וְהִנֵּה-בֹעַז בָּא מִבֵּית לֶחֶם וַיֹּאמֶר לַקּוֹצְרִים יְהוָה עִמָּכֶם וַיֹּאמְרוּ לוֹ יְבָרֶכְךָ יְהוָה | 02.04 | and behold Boaz came from Bethlehem and he said to the reapers יְהוָה be with you and they said to him יְהוָה bless you | |
| ה וַיֹּאמֶר בֹּעַז לְנַעֲרוֹ הַנִּצָּב עַל-הַקּוֹצְרִים לְמִי הַנַּעֲרָה הַזֹּאת | 02.05 | and Boaz said to his lad standing by the reapers who is that lass? | |
| ו וַיַּעַן הַנַּעַר הַנִּצָּב עַל-הַקּוֹצְרִים וַיֹּאמַר נַעֲרָה מוֹאֲבִיָּה הִיא הַשָּׁבָה עִם-נָעֳמִי מִשְּׂדֵי מוֹאָב | 02.06 | and the lad standing by the reapers said that is the Moabite lass the one who returned with Naomi from the fields of Moab | |
| ז וַתֹּאמֶר אֲלַקֳּטָה-נָּא וְאָסַפְתִּי בָעֳמָרִים אַחֲרֵי הַקּוֹצְרִים וַתָּבוֹא וַתַּעֲמוֹד מֵאָז הַבֹּקֶר וְעַד-עַתָּה זֶה שִׁבְתָּהּ הַבַּיִת מְעָט | 02.07 | and she said, please let me glean and gather among the sheaves after the reapers and she came and she remained from then - the morning and until now she sitting in the house a little | |
| יא וַיַּעַן בֹּעַז וַיֹּאמֶר לָהּ הֻגֵּד הֻגַּד לִי כֹּל אֲשֶׁר-עָשִׂית אֶת-חֲמוֹתֵךְ אַחֲרֵי מוֹת אִישֵׁךְ וַתַּעַזְבִי אָבִיךְ וְאִמֵּךְ וְאֶרֶץ מוֹלַדְתֵּךְ וַתֵּלְכִי אֶל-עַם אֲשֶׁר לֹא-יָדַעַתְּ תְּמוֹל שִׁלְשׁוֹם | 02.11 | and Boaz answered and said to her to be shown, it has been shown to me all that you have done for your mother-in-law after the death of your husband and you left your father and your mother and the land of your birth and went to a people which you did not know before in times past | a people - unknown to her, so indefinite |
| יד וַיֹּאמֶר לָה בֹעַז לְעֵת הָאֹכֶל גֹּשִׁי הֲלֹם וְאָכַלְתְּ מִן-הַלֶּחֶם וְטָבַלְתְּ פִּתֵּךְ בַּחֹמֶץ וַתֵּשֶׁב מִצַּד הַקֹּצְרִים וַיִּצְבָּט-לָהּ קָלִי וַתֹּאכַל וַתִּשְׂבַּע וַתֹּתַר | 02.14 | and Boaz said to her at the time of eating draw near here and eat of the bread and dip your piece in the vinegar and she herself sat beside the reapers and he heaped her parched grain and she ate and she was sated and had leftovers | |
| יא וְעַתָּה בִּתִּי אַל-תִּירְאִי כֹּל אֲשֶׁר-תֹּאמְרִי אֶעֱשֶׂה-לָּךְ כִּי יוֹדֵעַ כָּל-שַׁעַר עַמִּי כִּי אֵשֶׁת חַיִל אָתְּ | 03.11 | and now my daughter have no fear all that you say I will do for you for all the gate, my people, know that you are a woman of ability | |
| יד וַתִּשְׁכַּב מַרְגְּלוֹתָו עַד-הַבֹּקֶר וַתָּקָם בְּטֶרֶם יַכִּיר אִישׁ אֶת-רֵעֵהוּ וַיֹּאמֶר אַל-יִוָּדַע כִּי-בָאָה הָאִשָּׁה הַגֹּרֶן | 03.14 | and she lay down at his feet till the morning and she rose before a man could recognize his friend and he said - let it not be known that the woman came to the threshing floor | friend - used only twice - perhaps not a significant structural element |
| ד וַאֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי אֶגְלֶה אָזְנְךָ לֵאמֹר קְנֵה נֶגֶד הַיֹּשְׁבִים וְנֶגֶד זִקְנֵי עַמִּי אִם-תִּגְאַל גְּאָל וְאִם-לֹא יִגְאַל הַגִּידָה לִּי וְאֵדְעָה כִּי אֵין זוּלָתְךָ לִגְאוֹל וְאָנֹכִי אַחֲרֶיךָ וַיֹּאמֶר אָנֹכִי אֶגְאָל | 04.04 | and I myself had said I will disclose in your ear to say will you buy before those sitting here and before these elders of my people if you will redeem, redeem and if he will not redeem, tell me and I will know for there is none except you to redeem and I myself after you and he said I myself will redeem | |
| ז וְזֹאת לְפָנִים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל עַל-הַגְּאֻלָּה וְעַל-הַתְּמוּרָה לְקַיֵּם כָּל-דָּבָר שָׁלַף אִישׁ נַעֲלוֹ וְנָתַן לְרֵעֵהוּ וְזֹאת הַתְּעוּדָה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל | 04.07 | and this before in Israel, on the redemption and on the exchange to raise any matter, a man would remove his sandal and give it to his friend and this was the attestation in Israel | |
| ט וַיֹּאמֶר בֹּעַז לַזְּקֵנִים וְכָל-הָעָם עֵדִים אַתֶּם הַיּוֹם כִּי קָנִיתִי אֶת-כָּל-אֲשֶׁר לֶאֱלִימֶלֶךְ וְאֵת כָּל-אֲשֶׁר לְכִלְיוֹן וּמַחְלוֹן מִיַּד נָעֳמִי | 04.09 | and Boaz said to the elders and all the people witnesses you are today that I have bought all that was Elimelek's and all that was Chilion's and Mahlon's from the hand of Naomi | |
| יא וַיֹּאמְרוּ כָּל-הָעָם אֲשֶׁר-בַּשַּׁעַר וְהַזְּקֵנִים--עֵדִים יִתֵּן יְהוָה אֶת-הָאִשָּׁה הַבָּאָה אֶל-בֵּיתֶךָ כְּרָחֵל וּכְלֵאָה אֲשֶׁר בָּנוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶם אֶת-בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל וַעֲשֵׂה-חַיִל בְּאֶפְרָתָה וּקְרָא-שֵׁם בְּבֵית לָחֶם | 04.11 | and they said - all the people that were in the gate and the elders - witnesses let יְהוָה give to the wife coming to your house as to Rachel and as to Leah which two built the house of Israel and you do well in Ephratha and make a name in Bethlehem | house as clan and as people |
| יב וִיהִי בֵיתְךָ כְּבֵית פֶּרֶץ אֲשֶׁר-יָלְדָה תָמָר לִיהוּדָה--מִן-הַזֶּרַע אֲשֶׁר יִתֵּן יְהוָה לְךָ מִן-הַנַּעֲרָה הַזֹּאת | 04.12 | and let your house be as the house of Perez which Tamar bore to Judah from the seed which יְהוָה will give you from this lass |
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